A. What is an IPO?

An Initial Public Offering (IPO) is when a company offers shares to the public for first time. This allows a private company to transition into a public entity, giving it the ability to sell its stock on a stock exchange.

• Difference between private and companies: Private companies are owned by individuals or smaller groups, which means they don’t have to disclose financials or adhere to the same regulatory standards as public companies. When they go public, they open the door to a larger pool of investors, which can bring in substantial capital.
• Reasons companies choose to go public: Companies often go public to raise funds for expansion, pay off debt, or increase their public profile. It’s a significant step that can provide essential resources for growth.

B. Importance of IPOs in the Stock Market

IPOs play a vital role in the financial ecosystem.

• IPOs as a source of capital for companies: Public funds can be used to fuel innovation and expansion, resulting in job creation and economic growth.
• Investor opportunities to participate in early-stage growth: Investing in an IPO can be a way for investors to participate in a company’s growth story from the beginning.
• How IPOs affect market dynamics and investor sentiment: A successful IPO can boost investor confidence in the stock market, while a poorly received IPO can create skepticism and volatility.

C. Key Terms to Know Before Investing

Before jumping into the IPO frenzy, familiarize yourself with some essential terms.

• Underwriters and their role in the IPO process: Underwriters are investment banks that help companies price and sell their shares. They assess the market and determine how much shares should be offered.
• Pricing mechanisms: Fixed vs. auction systems: Companies may choose a fixed price per share, or use an auction system where buyers can bid based on what they think is fair.
• Vesting periods and lock-up agreements: These are stipulations that prevent insiders from selling their shares for a certain period after the IPO, ensuring stability in the stock price.